Spinal fusion is a surgery done to permanently connect two or more vertebrae in the spine, removing movement between them. This surgery comprises specific techniques formulated to imitate the normal healing process of broken or damaged bones. During this surgery, your neurosurgeon keeps bone or a bone-like material within the space between two spinal vertebrae. Metal plates, screws, and rods are used to hold on the vertebrae together so that they can heal into one solid unit.
Who Needs Spinal Fusion Surgery?
A spinal fusion procedure is done to treat or ease symptoms of several spinal issues. This surgery eliminates the mobility between two treated vertebrae. This may reduce flexibility, but it’s beneficial for treating spinal disorders that make movement painful. The disorders include:A spinal fusion procedure is done to treat or ease symptoms of several spinal issues. This surgery eliminates the mobility between two treated vertebrae. This may reduce flexibility, but it’s beneficial for treating spinal disorders that make movement painful. The disorders include:
How Is Spinal Fusion Surgery Performed?
The procedure is done under general anaesthesia. The patient’s blood pressure and heartbeat are monitored continuously during the procedure by the surgeon, and it takes several hours. The surgeon may either use the patient’s own bone graft by making a cut above the pelvic bone and removing a small piece of it or a synthetic bone or an allograft is used from a bone bank. Once the bone graft is fixed, the surgeon may use plates, screws, and rods to maintain the spine from moving, this procedure is called internal fixation. The added stability offered by the plates, screws, and rods supports the spine to heal faster and with a high success rate.
The procedure is done under general anesthesia, so the patient will not feel any pain during surgery. Post-surgery the patient may experience some pain for the first few weeks, however, will be given pain medication to ease the pain.
The time taken for the surgery depends on the severity of the condition and the number of vertebrae that must be fused. Usually, the surgery may extend anywhere between 3 to 7 hours in total.
Like most major surgery, this surgery poses certain risks which include infection, a failed fusion of the vertebrae, nerve damage, and blood loss. In rare cases, the surgery may not alleviate the symptoms.
Complete recovery from a spinal fusion surgery may require a year, however, patients can return to a normal routine within 4 to 6 months. The patients have to stay in the hospital for a few days post-surgery for the initial recovery process.